What are the two main parts of the nervous system and how do they function? (2024)

What are the two main parts of the nervous system and how do they function?

The nervous system is involved in receiving information about the environment around us (sensation) and generating responses to that information (motor responses). The nervous system can be divided into regions that are responsible for sensation (sensory functions) and for the response (motor functions).

What are the 2 primary nervous system functions?

The nervous system is involved in receiving information about the environment around us (sensation) and generating responses to that information (motor responses). The nervous system can be divided into regions that are responsible for sensation (sensory functions) and for the response (motor functions).

What are the two cells of the nervous system and what do they do?

The actual nerve cell is the neuron. It is the "conducting" cell that transmits impulses and the structural unit of the nervous system. The other type of cell is neuroglia, or glial, cell. The word "neuroglia" means "nerve glue." These cells are nonconductive and provide a support system for the neurons.

What are the two principles parts of the nervous system?

The nervous system is a functional collection of cells, tissues and organs that regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli. The nervous system is divided topographically into two principal parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

What are the two main parts of the central nervous system quizlet?

The central nervous system is comprised of the brain and spinal cord.

Which are the two component parts of the nervous system quizlet?

The Nervous System is divided into two parts. What are they? 1) The CNS (Central Nervous System) and 2) The PNS (Peripheral Nervous System.

What are the 2 main cell types?

There are two distinct types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Though the structures of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differ (see prokaryote, eukaryote), their molecular compositions and activities are very similar.

What are the two main communication systems of the body?

Humans have two types of communication systems. These are the nervous system and the endocrine (hormone) system.

What are the two main components of the central?

The main components of central nervous system are the brain and the spinal cord.

Do all cells have DNA?

All living cells on Earth, without any known exception, store their hereditary information in the form of double-stranded molecules of DNA—long unbranched paired polymer chains, formed always of the same four types of monomers—A, T, C, G.

Why are there 2 types of cells?

Cells are broadly categorized into two types: eukaryotic cells, which possesses a nucleus, and prokaryotic cells, which lack a nucleus but still has a nucleoid region. Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms, whereas eukaryotes can be either single-celled or multicellular.

What are the functions of the nervous tissue?

Nervous tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities. It stimulates muscle contraction, creates an awareness of the environment, and plays a major role in emotions, memory, and reasoning.

What are 2 facts about the nervous system?

What is the nervous system for kids?

The nervous system controls everything you do, including breathing, walking, thinking, and feeling. This system is made up of your brain, spinal cord, and all the nerves of your body. The brain is the control center and the spinal cord is the major highway to and from the brain.

What job do the glial cells do?

Glial cells help support, connect, and protect the neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. They come in many shapes, sizes, and types, each performing specialized functions. In the CNS, glial cells regulate neurotransmission and help form the blood-brain barrier.

What do glial cells do?

Glial roles that are well-established include maintaining the ionic milieu of nerve cells, modulating the rate of nerve signal propagation, modulating synaptic action by controlling the uptake of neurotransmitters, providing a scaffold for some aspects of neural development, and aiding in (or preventing, in some ...

What do ependymal cells do?

As an essential part of the nervous system, ependymal cells separate nerve tissue from CSF and serve as a bridge between the brain/spinal cord and CSF.

What does Schwann cells do?

Schwann cells (SCs) are a type of glial cell that surrounds neurons, keeping them alive and sometimes covering them with a myelin sheath, and are the major glial cell type in the peripheral nervous system. They play essential roles in the development, maintenance, function, and regeneration of peripheral nerves.

Are neurons the longest cells in the body?

The longest cells in the human body are neurons. Neurons are cells within the nervous system and carry messages throughout the body. The longest axons in the human body are those of the sciatic nerve, which run from the base of the spinal cord to the big toe of each foot.

What are the 4 types of glial cells?

The total glial cell population can be subdivided into four major groups: (1) microglia, (2) astrocytes, (3) oligodendrocytes, and (4) their progenitors NG2-glia.

Are glial cells good or bad?

Traditionally it has been considered that astrocytes and microglia play different roles in PD: Astroglia are considered the "good" glia and have traditionally been supposed to be neuroprotective due to their capacity to quench free radicals and secrete neurotrophic factors, whereas microglia, considered the "bad" glia, ...

Do glial cells repair damage?

Furthermore, various types of glial progenitors have the potential to generate neurons under pathological conditions. Thus, glial responses to injury and disease serves two main purposes: 1) repair and preservation of existing cell populations, and 2) regeneration of lost populations, including both neurons and glia.

How does learning occur in neurons?

Instead, learning appears to occur primarily because of changes in the strength and number of the connections between existing neurons, a process called synaptic plasticity. For the most part, the changes occur in such a way that frequently used connections between neurons are enhanced the most.

Is hydrocephalus a brain disorder?

What is hydrocephalus? Hydrocephalus is a neurological disorder caused by an abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles (cavities) deep within the brain.

What forms the blood-brain barrier?

[1] The BBB is composed of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes (PCs), capillary basem*nt membrane, and astrocyte end-feet, all of which aim to shield the brain from toxic substances, filter harmful compounds from the brain to the bloodstream, and supply brain tissue with nutrients.