If your income is below the minimum required for filing an income tax return, or if you don't expect a refund, you may be tempted to skip it. But if you do, you might miss out on some tax credits. You could even pay zero income tax and still get a check from the Internal Revenue Service.
The minimum for a required return depends on your age, filing status, and other factors (such as whether you netted at least $400 from self-employment). For the 2022 tax year, the minimum income ranges from $10,275 for single filers under age 65 to $20,550 for “qualifying widow(ers)” who are 65 or older ($11,000 to $22,000 for 2023).
Even if you don’t have to pay taxes on your earned income, there are several reasons why filing a return may be worth it. First of all, you could end up with a refund via a tax credit. And if you're not eligible for a refund, you still may need to file to avoid a penalty for filing late or not filing.
Key Takeaways
- Even if you don't owe taxes, filing a return may be well worth the effort.
- Federal minimums range from $10,275 to $20,550 for the tax year 2022 ($11,000 to $22,000 for 2023), but even if you fall below that, you may be eligible for certain credits that will lead to a tax refund.
- You may be owed a payment through the Earned Income Tax Credit program.
- For 2022, the tax credit is worth between $560 and $6,935 ($600 and $7,430 for 2023).
- Other tax credits are available for parents, health insurance costs, and more.
- In any case, if your employment income is low, but you made money in other ways, you may be required to file.
Refund Due: You Had Tax Withheld
If you’re married, filing jointly, and under age 65, you don’t have to file a tax return if yourhousehold incomeis below $20,550 for the 2022 tax year ($22,000 for 2023). However, that doesn’t mean that your employers didn’t withhold taxes.
Filing a tax return will get you a refund of those withholdings, provided that you have no other taxes due. It’s as easy as completing an IRS Form 1040. In most cases, companies like TurboTax or H&R Block will allow you to complete the form using their free online software.
And, if you’re eligible for one of these five tax credits, it’s worth filing your federal income taxes.
Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
Congress set up the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) to allow lower-wage earners to hold onto more of their paychecks.
Households that qualify for the credit can reduce their tax liability to zero, which meansthey will owe noincome taxes. If your tax obligation is less than the amount of the credit, you may be eligible for a cash refund of the remaining credit amount.
To qualify for the EITC, a taxpayer’s earned andadjusted gross income (AGI) must be below certain income limits. For the 2022 and 2023 tax years, the maximum credit that a single or married taxpayer could claim is as follows:
| EITC Income Limits for 2022 Tax Year | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Children | Single or Head of Household 2022 | Single or Head of Household 2023 | Married Filing Jointly 2022 | Married Filing Jointly 2023 | Maximum Credit 2022 | Maximum Credit 2023 |
| 0 | $16,480 | $17,640 | $22,610 | $24,210 | $560 | $600 |
| 1 | $43,492 | $46,560 | $49,622 | $53,120 | $3,733 | $3,995 |
| 2 | $49,399 | $52,918 | $55,529 | $59,478 | $6,164 | $6,604 |
| ≥3 | $53,057 | $56,838 | $59,187 | $63,398 | $6,935 | $7,430 |
Child Tax Credit
The IRS provides a credit for each dependent child for lower-income earners. If your tax burden is lower than the maximum credit, you may get a refund.
The Child Tax Credit is currently $2,000 per minor dependent for tax years 2022 and 2023. This tax credit is phased out for higher-income families, as it was intended to help low- to middle-income workers. To qualify, you are subject to maximum income requirements.
American Opportunity Tax Credit
The American Opportunity Tax Credit (AOTC) reimburses taxpayers up to $2,500 a year for qualified education expenses.
This credit was recently expanded to allow those who do not owe any taxes to still qualify for a refund. If you paid college tuition or other qualified education expenses, this generous tax credit could provide a nice refund check but is limited to a maximum of four years of eligibility per student.
Health Insurance Marketplace Premium Tax Credit
This tax credit, often known simply as the premium tax credit, helps low- to moderate-income singles and families pay the premiums associated with health insurance purchased through the Health Insurance Marketplace under the Affordable Care Act (ACA).
To be eligible for the premium tax credit, your household income must be at least 100%—but no more than 400%—of the federal poverty line for your family size. Other qualifications apply, so click here to see whether you are eligible.
Saver’s Credit
You may be eligible for an additional tax credit for some portion of the money that you put into a qualified retirement savings plan, such as a 401(k) or anindividual retirement account(IRA).
This credit is subject to income limitations, with a cap of $68,000 for those who are married and filing jointly or $34,000 for individual filers for the 2022 tax year ($73,000 and $36,500 for 2023).
Known as thesaver’s credit, this nonrefundable credit allows the lesser of $1,000 ($2,000 if filing jointly) or the amount in taxes you would have had to pay without the credit.
Avoid a Penalty for Not Filing
Even if you didn’t make enough money to meet the IRS minimums to be owed a refund, there are still good reasons to file your federal taxes. For instance, say you were self-employed and earned slightly more than $400 during the year. But you also sold your home for a profit and withdrew money from a retirement account.
You could owe Social Security or Medicare taxes that were not withheld, or you could be subject to the alternative minimum tax (AMT), which would require a return to be filed.
It's best to ensure you don’t have to file a return. There could be IRS penalties and back taxes owed if you have to file later.
Is a Tax Credit a Refund?
A tax credit is not a refund; it is a credit on your income that reduces the taxable amount. However, a credit can result in a refund if when you've applied the credit, you've paid more than you owe.
What Does Tax Credit Mean?
A tax credit is a concept used by the IRS that reduces a taxpayer's taxable income. A tax credit usually reduces the amount of taxes you owe for the year.
Is the Child Tax Credit a Refund?
The Child Tax Credit is a $2,000 per child credit, which reduces your overall taxable income. However, you may receive a refund of up to $1,500 as a result of the Child Tax Credit for the tax year 2022 ($1,600 for 2023).
The Bottom Line
You should always assume that you should file a tax return, even if you didn’t make enough money to file one—you may be owed substantial tax credits even if your tax bill will be essentially zero. Taking the time to read about the credits available could result in a healthy check from the IRS.
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